Chicken Finger Mystery: Where Do Bones Go?

what happens to all the bones making chicken fingers

Chicken tenders, or chicken tenderloins, are the little strips of meat attached to the underside of a chicken breast. They are usually sold separately from the breasts, but you can still buy a chicken breast with the tenderloin attached. Chicken tenders are boneless, and while it is possible to find a small bone in one, this is rare and usually occurs due to the scale of the industry. Chicken fingers are made from chicken tenders, and so they are also boneless.

Characteristics Values
Chicken fingers made from Chicken meat from the pectoralis minor muscles of the bird
Similarly shaped pieces cut from chicken meat, usually the breast
Pulverized chicken flesh
Chicken fingers preparation Coating chicken meat in a breading mixture and then deep frying
Coating chicken meat with spices, polyphosphate, and breading or crumbs
Flash-frying the product to hold the breading in place
Freezing it prior to shipment for consumer, retail, and commercial use
Chicken tenders Little strips of meat that are tenuously attached to the underside of each breast
Around 1 1/2 inches wide and 5 inches long
White meat
Smaller than the breast, taste exactly the same as breast meat
Tender and moist when cooked properly
Can be grilled rather than fried
Can accompany salads or pasta
Chicken tenders with bones A guy ate boneless chicken wings and got a bone lodged in his esophagus
The Ohio Supreme Court ruled it's ok to call it boneless chicken wings even if there are bones in it
Bones can be missed during preparation

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Chicken tenders are made from chicken tenderloins, which are boneless

Chicken tenders, also known as chicken goujons, tendies, chicken strips, chicken fingers, or chicken fillets, are made from chicken tenderloins, which are boneless. Chicken tenderloins are the little strips of white meat that are attached to the underside of each chicken breast. They are usually about 1.5 inches wide and 5 inches long, and they taste the same as chicken breast meat.

Chicken tenders are prepared by coating the chicken tenderloin in a breading mixture and then deep-frying them, in a manner similar to schnitzel. They are a very popular snack or main course in the United States due to their convenience and have become a staple across the country. Some of the most popular fast-food restaurants that sell chicken tenders include Guthrie's, Raising Cane's Chicken Fingers, Chick-fil-A, Church's Chicken, KFC, Popeyes, Zaxby's, and Culver's.

Chicken tenders gained popularity in the mid-to-late 1980s as an alternative fast-food choice to chicken nuggets, as they retained more chicken meat. The mass production of chicken tenders involves coating chicken meat with spices, polyphosphate, and breading or crumbs, flash-frying the product to hold the breading in place, and then freezing it prior to shipment. Chicken tenders are sometimes grilled rather than fried and may accompany salads or pasta.

While chicken tenderloins are boneless, it is possible to find a bone in a chicken tender, as they may be made from chicken meat that has been mechanically separated and press-formed into nuggets. In rare cases, a bone may be missed during this process, which can be dangerous if the bone is consumed and becomes lodged in the throat.

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Chicken fingers were first mass-marketed by McDonald's in 1979

Chicken tenders, or tenderloins, are the little strips of meat attached to the underside of a chicken breast. They are typically about 1.5 inches wide and 5 inches long and are often sold separately from the breast. While chicken tenders are usually boneless, it is possible for bones to be missed during processing, and some consumers have reported finding bones in their chicken tenders.

Chicken fingers, on the other hand, are an imagined product, not corresponding to any specific cut of the animal. They first appeared on menus at Chinese-American restaurants in the mid-1960s, thanks to the rising popularity of heavily fried pu pu platters. One of the first restaurants to serve chicken fingers was the Kowloon Restaurant in Saugus, Massachusetts, which has had the item on its menu since 1958. The earliest mention of fried chicken fingers, described as "deliciously crisp," was in a 1948 write-up for a restaurant called Chickland, also in Saugus, Massachusetts.

In 1979, facing declining sales, McDonald's sought to tap into the rising consumption of chicken and its new boneless supply chain. Chairman Fred Turner instructed the company's suppliers to develop a "chicken finger-food without bones, about the size of your thumb." With the help of Keystone Foods and Gorton's, as well as McDonald's first executive chef, Rene Arend, the company successfully developed the Chicken McNugget. The initial test marketing of McNuggets was highly successful, and McDonald's enlisted Tyson Foods to guarantee an adequate supply.

Thus, while chicken tenders had been available in grocery stores and restaurants for some time, chicken fingers were first mass-marketed by McDonald's in 1979. This marked a significant shift in American fried chicken, as fast-food chains began offering chicken nuggets and diners served chicken fingers, all without bones.

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The rise of boneless chicken is partly due to Americans' dislike of eating meat with bones

The preference for boneless chicken in the United States is influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural norms, convenience, and marketing strategies. One of the primary reasons for the rise of boneless chicken is the American dislike for eating meat with bones. This sentiment is reflected in a quote by Mr. Gagliardi, who stated, "Americans are lazy eaters. They don't like to eat fish with bones. They don't like to eat anything with bones." This preference for convenience and ease of eating has shaped the way chicken is processed and marketed in the US.

Historically, traditional fried chicken included bones, but technological advancements in the 20th century led to the emergence of chicken nuggets, chicken fingers, and boneless "wings," which are typically made from chicken breast meat. These bone-free options became increasingly popular, and by 2001, Eric Schlosser noted that "90 percent of the chicken sold in the United States had been cut into pieces, cutlets, or nuggets." The shift towards boneless chicken can also be attributed to the rising popularity of fast food and the search for new revenue streams by fast-food franchises like McDonald's, which introduced the Chicken McNugget in 1979.

The demand for boneless chicken has led to a thriving market for processed chicken products, with companies like Tyson Foods holding a significant market share. However, it's important to note that there is a growing resurgence of interest in traditional bone-in fried chicken. Some restaurants are making bone-in chicken a core feature of their menus, appealing to those who prioritize flavor and the enhanced cooking experience that comes with bone-in meat. According to a holistic nutritionist, bone-in meat may offer enhanced flavor due to the fat surrounding the bones, which releases juices that penetrate the meat during cooking. Additionally, bones contain nutrients that are passed into the meat, making it more nutrient-dense.

While the rise of boneless chicken is partly due to Americans' dislike of eating meat with bones, it's important to acknowledge that convenience, marketing, and the influence of the fast-food industry have also played significant roles in shaping this preference. The demand for convenience and ease of consumption has driven innovations in the food industry, leading to the widespread availability of processed boneless chicken products. However, as evidenced by the resurgence of interest in bone-in fried chicken, there is also a recognition of the benefits of traditional cooking methods and the enhanced flavor and nutritional profile they offer.

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A man sued a restaurant after a bone from boneless chicken became lodged in his oesophagus

In 2016, Michael Berkheimer dined with his wife and friends at Wings on Brookwood, a restaurant in Hamilton, Ohio. He ordered his "usual"—boneless wings with parmesan garlic sauce. However, he soon noticed a piece go down his throat uncomfortably. Three days later, Berkheimer developed a fever and went to the emergency room, where doctors discovered a long, thin bone lodged in his oesophagus, causing a tear and a subsequent infection.

Berkheimer filed a lawsuit in 2017 against Wings on Brookwood, as well as its food supplier and the chicken farm, accusing them of negligence and failing to warn him that the "boneless wings" might contain bones. He claimed that the bone tore his oesophagus and caused medical issues, and that he struggled to eat for three days following the incident.

The lawsuit was initially dismissed by the Butler County Court of Common Pleas, and later by the 12th District Court of Appeals, which found that the defendants were not negligent. The courts reasoned that bones are naturally found in chicken breasts and are not a foreign object, so a consumer could reasonably anticipate and guard against them.

Berkheimer appealed the ruling twice, but ultimately lost his case. In 2024, the Ohio Supreme Court agreed with the lower courts, ruling that the term "'boneless wing' refers to a cooking style" and is not a guarantee that the chicken is bone-free. The court found that it is common sense to be cautious of bones in boneless chicken and that the restaurant did not breach its duty of care.

This incident highlights the ongoing controversy surrounding the labelling of boneless chicken products. While some restaurants have considered alternative names, such as "bites" or "boneless chicken," others have faced lawsuits claiming that the term "boneless" is misleading. However, as seen in Berkheimer's case, courts have generally sided with restaurants, acknowledging the presence of bones in chicken and emphasizing consumer responsibility in anticipating and guarding against them.

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Despite the name, boneless chicken wings can contain bones, according to an Ohio court ruling

In 2017, Berkheimer ordered boneless wings at a restaurant in Southwest Ohio. Unfortunately, he ended up with a bone lodged in his esophagus, causing serious medical complications. He underwent a traumatic experience, including a high fever and an inability to eat. Berkheimer eventually had to be rushed to the emergency room, where doctors discovered a bone that had torn open his esophagus and caused an infection.

Following this incident, Berkheimer took legal action against the restaurant, Wings on Brookwood, as well as the supplier and the farm that produced the chicken. He argued that the restaurant failed to warn him that "boneless wings" could still contain bones. Berkheimer's lawsuit sought to hold them accountable for negligence. However, both the Butler County Court of Common Pleas and the Twelfth District Court of Appeals ruled against him.

The case eventually reached the Ohio Supreme Court, which issued a highly debated ruling. The court determined that chicken wings labelled "boneless" may still contain bones. They reasoned that bones are a natural part of chicken, and consumers should be vigilant for bones even in boneless dishes. The court compared "boneless wings" to "'chicken fingers,' implying that consumers understand these terms as cooking styles rather than literal descriptions.

This ruling has sparked concerns about consumer safety and the potential for similar issues with allergen labelling. While the court's decision precluded Berkheimer from receiving a jury trial, his story and the court's response have brought attention to the potential dangers of consuming chicken wings, even when labelled as boneless.

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Frequently asked questions

No, chicken tenderloin doesn't have bones. However, it is possible for bones to be missed during the cutting and tenderising process.

Chicken tenders, or chicken tenderloins, are the little strips of meat that are tenuously attached to the underside of each chicken breast. They are white meat and taste the same as chicken breast.

Chicken tenders are boneless because consumers don't like to eat anything with bones. In 2001, Eric Schlosser wrote, "Americans are lazy eaters. They don't like to eat fish with bones. They don't like to eat anything with bones."

Yes, you can cut your own chicken tenders. Take a boneless, skinless chicken breast and cut it lengthwise into pieces about 1/2 inch thick.

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